ECD training to transform communities

 

ECD training to transform communities 

SANE SHANDU

ETHEKWINI Municipality has launched a transformative Early Childhood Development (ECD) initiative that is already changing lives across disadvantaged communities and informal settlements.

The eThekwini Municipal Academy (EMA) has introduced a comprehensive one-year NQF Level 4 training programme for over 50 ECD practitioners.

These practitioners are being equipped to nurture holistic child development including the cognitive, emotional, social, and physical aspects, ensuring that children are not only school-ready but life-ready.

They are also trained to identify developmental delays early, enabling timely interventions that can alter a child’s entire trajectory.

The initiative is being held in partnership with the Human Settlements and Safer Cities Directorates. While EMA is capacitating them with skills, Human Settlements is investing in infrastructure by upgrading ECD centres.

This integrated programme intends to improve learning environments and create safe, stimulating spaces where children can thrive.

EMA Project Manager Lihle Sishi described this initiative as a commitment to breaking cyles of socio-economic challenges, unemployment and inequality. ‘’By empowering ECD practitioners with the right tools and knowledge, we are ensuring that every child, regardless of where they come from, has a fair chance at a better life, starting from a young age,’’ she said.

The initiative is already making a visible impact in communities.

Children who once roamed the streets are now engaged in structured learning. Parents are seeing the benefits of early education, and communities are beginning to rally around the centres as hubs of growth and safety.

Metro Police bolster their force with 65 new Constables

 

Metro Police bolster their force with 65 new Constables

VUYANI DIMBA

The Metro Police has welcomed 65 new Constables, bolstering their force to ensure they can execute their mandate of traffic policing, by-law enforcement, crime prevention, and ensuring the safety and wellbeing of residents and visitors.

The new recruits, who bring with them a wealth of experience come from various law enforcement institutions outside the Municipality.

Metro Police Deputy Director Commissioner Winnie Zama said continuous innovative crime prevention strategies continue to be implemented throughout the City, among them bolstering the Metro Police force.

‘’As we celebrate these appointments, it is imperative that we instil a culture of discipline, integrity, and excellence. The City pride itself on fast-tracking service delivery through the safety and wellbeing of residents,’’ said Zama.

She attributed the recent employment of the Colonels as the ‘’brainchild of Director Commissioner Sibonelo Mchunu who has emphasised the importance of employment creation’’.

‘’We are gaining ground as law enforcement as we hire both new and experienced officials. We want our presence to be felt as the Metro Police throughout the City as we work to curb crime,’’ said Zama.

Zamashuku Shangase said he is pleased to with the appointment. ‘’This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity which will help bring about positive change. It is also an opportunity for growth and to make a difference in peoples lives.’’

Shangase previously served as an Acting Captain for the Metro Police and praised the major strides taken by the Metro Police to bolster its workforce.

Jubilation as community attends Tshelimnyama bridge handover

 

Jubilation as community attends Tshelimnyama bridge handover

ZIMBILI MAZIBUKO

There were tears of joy and jubilation from the community of Tshelimnyama in Ward 15 when eThekwini Mayor Councillor Cyril Xaba officially handed over the newly upgraded Tshelimnyama bridge.

The handover brought much-needed relief to an area long affected by infrastructure challenges and flood risks. The devastating floods of 2019 and 2022 exposed the inadequacy of the old bridge, which was often submerged and rendered impassable, putting lives and livelihoods at risk. On 18 July, the community came out in their numbers to witness the occasion, which was a celebration and a beacon of hope for the community.

Addressing the community, Mayor Xaba said the bridge is a symbol of progress, resilience and hope. ‘’It gives me great pleasure to spend my 67 minutes on Nelson Mandela International Day in Tshelimnyama, officially handing over this newly constructed bridge. This is your bridge, built for you, with your future in mind. Let us protect it and ensure it serves x generations to come,’’ he said.

Valued at R20 million, the new 20-metre bridge features a modern, climate-resilient design aimed at ensuring year-round accessibility and improved safety for both motorists and pedestrians.

It is a key part of eThekwini’s climate adaptation and infrastructure renewal strategy. Tshelimnyama resident, Dumisani Kumalo could not contain his joy, saying the floods left pain and sorrow in the community.

‘’We don’t have to worry about our safety during heavy rains. The bridge is beautiful and strong,’’ said Kumalo.

Mayor Xaba highlighted the importance of community involvement in the success of the project and requested the community to look after it and protect it from vandalism. Job opportunities were also created during the project as 20 residents were employed during construction, gaining valuable skills in trades such as concrete work and bricklaying.

The Mayor also commended the local taxi industry and residents for their cooperation in ensuring the project proceeded without disruption.

August Specials at uShaka Marine World

 

By Fred Felton | Aug. 12, 2025

If you visit uShaka Marine World during August 2025 you will be able take advantage of promotional offerings to experience the park at a big discount.

The Phantom Ship. | Photo: Fred Felton. 

During this time guests can enjoy a full day of fun and entertainment for R195 per person, valid Wednesday to Sunday. The single ticket grants access to four of the park’s big attractions which are:

§  Sea World – explore the ‘Phantom Ship’

§  Wet ‘n Wild – with a 450-metre Duzi Adventure River

§  Dangerous Creatures – see the ‘fearsome’ creatures

§  Kids World – with Africa’s biggest jungle gym

Visitors can also enjoy a reduced rate of R99 per person on Mondays and Tuesdays. This single ticket offers access to two of the attractions namely:

§  Sea World

§  Dangerous Creatures

These discounted rates aims to offer everyone a chance to enjoy the wide range of experiences at uShaka Marine World while also saving some money.

‘’We are the number one tourism place to go to in Durban,’’ said Ndabo Khoza, uShaka Marine World CEO.

So whether you are looking for a relaxed midweek visit or action-packed weekend with the family or friends, there’s something for everyone to enjoy at uShaka Marine World.

For more information visit: www.ushakamarine.com or call 031 328 8000

Ts and Cs apply.

Kings Park Swimming Pool Upgrade Going Well

 

By Fred Felton | Aug. 3, 2025

The City’s Kings Park Swimming Pool is getting an upgrade to the value of R42 million and the upgrade is progressing well.

Kings Park Swimming Pool is getting an upgrade. Photo: Supplied. 

The media were taken on a walkabout around the pool area on 25 July to show them how the upgrade was going and assess the progress made so far.

According to Acting Director of the Recreation and Parks Directorate Dr Zakhi Mkhize the emergency phase of the revamp is complete. This included work on deteriorated concrete columns and the roof structure works.

‘’We are now entering the phase of the project focusing on the facelift of the swimming pool to improve its efficiency and productivity as well as to ensure an aesthetically pleasing appearance,’’ noted Dr Zakhi Mkzhize.

The upgrade of the swimming pool is expected to be complete by July 2026.

Mkhize mentioned that the Kings Park Swimming Pool is one of the country’s premier aquatic venues and the only swimming facility in South Africa that has World Aquatics status, which is recognised by the International Olympic Committee for administering water competitions.

The upgrade is being done in two phases. Photo: Fred Felton. 

The Kings Park swimming complex has both indoor and outdoor facilities.

The indoor facility comprises of a 50-metre swimming pool while the outdoor facility has a diving pool that is 25 metres in length and is 6.5 metres deep.

This revamp is part of the City’s maintenance programme for all its swimming venues.

EThekwini intensifies rabies awareness following death in Ezimbokodweni area

 

EThekwini intensifies rabies awareness following death in Ezimbokodweni area 

ZIMBILI MAZIBUKO

ETHEKWINI Municipality is intensifying its efforts to curb the spread of rabies and prevent further loss of life following the death of a man after being bitten by his dog in the eZimbokodweni area.

EThekwini intensifies rabies awareness. Photo: Supplied. 

The dog, which was unvaccinated, showed rabies symptoms which included changed behaviour and aggressiveness. The City’s Communicable Diseases Coordinator Thokozile Ngcobo said: “Our investigations discovered that the man was bitten by the dog in March and did not seek medical attention.

He only went to the clinic in May. He couldn’t be assisted as the poison had spread to his body and he died.” This case is similar to another incident in the Ngonyameni area last year, where a three-year-old child died after coming into contact with a dog suspected to have had rabies.

Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease transmitted through the saliva of infected mammals, including dogs, cats, mongooses, goats, cattle, and other mammals. It is preventable through vaccination, yet fatal once the virus reaches the central nervous system.

Rabies in humans can present with symptoms such as headaches, fever, mental confusion, and muscle pain, among others. Immediate action, such as thoroughly washing any bite wound with running water and seeking prompt medical attention for a rabies vaccination, are crucial no matter how small the wound may seem.

An infected animal licking or scratching a person also needs to be reported as it can also transmit the disease. The City’s Communicable Diseases team is working closely with the KwaZuluNatal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to curb the spread of rabies. Vaccination campaigns will be conducted around the City.

For more information on these campaigns, the public can contact the eThekwini State Vet Office on 031 328 9300.

R67 Million Boost For Hostels

 

R67 Million Boost For Hostels

SIMPHIWE DLAMINI

ETHEKWINI Municipality has earmarked a substantial R67 million in the 2025/26 financial year for the continued rehabilitation of the Wema Community Residential Unit (CRU), formerly known as the SJ Smith Hostel as well as the nearby Jacobs CRU.

This allocation demonstrates the City’s commitment to transforming historic migrant worker hostels into modern, dignified living spaces. Originally constructed in the 1950s to house migrant labourers supporting Durban’s industrial boom, the Wema and Jacobs CRUs have long stood as a symbol of the City’s economic history.

Today, they are at the heart of the Municipality’s sweeping urban renewal initiative aimed at improving the quality of life for thousands of residents. The refurbishment project, led by the City’s Human Settlements Directorate has already made significant progress.

Director of the Human Settlements Directorate Lawrence Pato said 23 new blocks, ranging from Block R to Block AO, have been added to the Wema CRU, while existing structures Blocks D, E, and J have undergone major upgrades.

“Block F has been demolished to make way for 80 new units, and tenders are currently underway for the redevelopment of Blocks C and G. This large-scale overhaul represents a significant investment in the wellbeing of CRU residents. The R67 million budget allocation will ensure that we continue to move beyond providing shelter, toward creating safe, stable, and hospitable communities,” said Pato.

The transformation is not only physical. Community initiatives like the Wema CRU Netball Club are helping to foster a renewed sense of belonging and engagement.

Themba Mvubu, Chairperson of the Human Settlements, Engineering, and eThekwini Transport Authority Committee has welcomed this broader vision. “By acknowledging the historical significance of these sites while boldly implementing modern upgrades, the Municipality is paving the way for a brighter, more inclusive future. With the new budget in place, the Wema and Jacobs CRUs are set to become flagship examples of how government can drive meaningful urban renewal and social upliftment,” said Councillor Mvubu.

 

City welcomes R23 billion expansion at Sibaya

SOHANA SINGH

ETHEKWINI Mayor Councillor Cyril Xaba has welcomed the R23 billion expansion of the Sibaya Coastal Precinct, as property developers Devmco, officially broke ground on its expansive infrastructure rollout across the precinct.

This marked a significant achievement as the development moves towards interconnected nodes within the precinct. The next phase of the mixed-use development will include 400 residential units, 100 000 square meters of retail and office space, a medical node, and flagship hospitality developments spanning over 1000 hectares among others. This will make it integrated, and sustainable, with lifestyle and convenience at the centre.

The event on 19 June was attended by the KwaZuluNatal Premier Thami Ntuli, MEC for Economic Development, Tourism, and Environmental Affairs Reverend Musa Zondi, i Mayor Xaba, and other key business stakeholders.

Mayor Xaba said: “The Sibaya Coastal Precinct marks a defining chapter in the growth and transformation of our City. It is the strong partnership between Devmco and eThekwini Municipality that has ensured that this development progresses to what we see today,” he said, highlighting the developers confidence in the City. With a projected investment value of R23 billion and an estimated R3.8 billion in revenue from property rates over an eight-year period, this development promises to be an economic game-changer.

“We are confident that there will be transformation benefits for the people of Wards 58 and 102, and the broader eThekwini community,” he added. Since its inception, Sibaya has been a symbol of success. In 2018, it achieved the highest value in property transfers in the country.

Just in the past 18 months alone, over R1.5 billion in property transfers were recorded, a clear signal of investor confidence and sustained demand in the precinct. Mayor Xaba highlighted that as government, at all levels, they are playing their role in enabling critical road infrastructure upgrades in the precinct.

The socio-economic returns of the development include an expected growth from R219 million to R770 million annually in rates revenue for the Municipality from 2025 to 2032.

Another benefit is that 20 000 permanent jobs and 50 000 temporary jobs will be created during and after construction. The empowerment of local communities through targeted procurement, training, and employment is already in motion through the Inkanyiso Programme. This includes opportunities for small and emerging businesses, especially youthowned enterprises.

Brad Winstanley, Commercial Director at Devmco Group, said the event marks the beginning of a new era in integrated coastal living, signalling the start of the precinct’s infrastructure phase.

Breaking the Silence on Men's Mental Health

 

By Fred Felton | July 17, 2025

John Craig, in partnership with Polo South Africa, has launched the Mind Matters video series, featuring iconic footballer Lucas Radebe, Leon de Beer (Director of the South African Federation for Mental Health), and designer David Tshabalala.

The Mind Matters Video Series 

The campaign shines a light on some sobering stats:

South Africa records around 13,774 suicides per year, about 80% of which are men.

Worldwide 75% of suicides are men, many of whom never seek help due to stigma and traditional gender norms.

According to a review in the SA Journal of Psychology men across occupations experience high levels of depression, anxiety and burnout, often quietly.

‘’Mental and emotional resilience is key to unlocking one’s true potential. With this initiative, John Craig and Polo South Africa are shining a light on the mental health struggles men face worldwide, especially as issues like depression, anxiety and suicide continue to rise among men,’’ said John Craig Senior Brand Manager, Kaboomo Mgibi Marshoff.

Leon de Beer called for workplaces and communities to create safe spaces where men can freely express emotional struggles without fear of judgement.

‘’My wife was diagnosed with cancer when I was still playing. I still had to focus. I still had to go and train every day and give 100%, which is challenging because you can’t share with friends. There are no excuses,’’ noted Lucas Radebe.

For David Tshabalala maintaining a healthy work life balance is key to nurturing good mental health.

Marshoff invited men everywhere to watch the full series on the @JohnCraig YouTube channel and to join the conversation using #JohnCraigMindMatters.

The good folks at John Craig are also giving away 2 x R500 John Craig Vouchers for you dear reader.

To enter the lucky draw, send your full name, cell number and email to umhlangalife@gmail.com  with John Craig Giveaway in the subject line.

Ts and Cs apply.

Durban FilmMart Champions South African Cinema This Year

 

By Fred Felton | July 12, 2025

The 2025 Durban FilmMart (DFM) edition is reaffirming its position as a leading platform for African and global film collaboration by shining the spotlight on South African cinema through its ‘SA in Focus’ programme.

The South African cinema will take centre stage at this year's Durban FilmMart edition, with industry leaders unpacking the state of the country's current audio visual sector. 

DFM takes place from 18 to 21 July at Durban’s Elangeni Hotel; the programme will bring together industry leaders, guilds and creatives to examine the current state and future of South Africa’s audio-visual sector.

‘’The SA in Focus programme aims to build a strong local foundation that is essential for the broader growth of Africa’s film industry,’’ said DFM Institute Director Magdalene Reddy.

Highlights in the programme include the flagship State of the South African Audio-Visual Industry session, featuring key stakeholders such as the National Film and Video Foundation, SABC, and various provincial commissions. The programme will also explore topics such as artificial intelligence’s creative influence, copyright in the digital age, and strategies for international co-productions.

There will also be panel discussions hosted by major guilds, including the South African Guild of Actors, the Writers’ Guild of South Africa, the Directors Guild of South Africa, and the Editors Guild, will address critical issues such as storytelling, sustainability, and creative ownership.

Other sessions to look out for include The African Aesthetic, Directors as Cultural Architects, and Independent Producers Organisation to Intellectual Property on global market access.

DFM 2025 will focus on collaboration and professional development underscoring its continued role in shaping a thriving and future-ready SA film industry.

Register now for DFM 2025 at: www.durbanfilmmart.co.za

For enquiries: info@durbanfilmmart.com

The Durban FilmMart Institute receives principal funding from the Durban Film Office and eThekwini Municipality.

Why it is best to 'pay yourself first'

 

Every July, we are reminded of the importance of saving during Savings Month. Yet few of us manage to fix our lack of savings. That’s why Smart About Money, an initiative by the Association for Savings and Investment South Africa (ASISA), is campaigning for you to #PayYourselfFirst.

Pay yourself first is a budgeting technique that ensures you allocate a fixed amount to savings each payday before you spend on anything else. Establishing this habit will help you be disciplined and achieve your financial goals.

Start by working out what you spend on essentials, such as accommodation, transport, electricity and groceries. Then set a realistic amount within what is left of your income that you can save every month.

If you leave saving until the end of the month, you will be tempted to spend on non-essentials, such as clothing, entertainment or eating out. You will then convince yourself that you have no money left to save.

If you pay yourself first, your savings are transferred from your account as soon as you are paid. Soon, your contribution will feel like your other deductions or debit orders, and you will learn to live without this money.

Pay yourself first

The key to paying yourself first is to set up a separate savings account or investment, such as a unit trust or exchange-traded fund (ETF), and automate a transfer or payment to that account on the day you are paid.

For emergency savings or short-term goals like a holiday or renovations, choose a savings account with a fixed term aligned to your saving horizon.

For medium- to long-term savings, consider a unit trust or ETF with potentially higher returns.

Giving your savings goal a name, targeting an amount and working out how long you need to reach it, will discourage you from raiding your savings.  Use tools like the Smart About Money Savings Goal Calculator to determine how much you need to save each month.

Even if your initial savings are small, being aware of your goal should prevent impulse spending and motivate you to increase your savings amount when your earnings improve or your expenses reduce.

Setting goals

You can start small with just one goal, but over time, you could set up several savings and investment accounts tailored to different goals' timelines.

·         An emergency fund

Start with an emergency fund. An emergency fund helps you to stick to your budget and not raid your savings when financial emergencies, such as injury or illness, home or car repairs, arise.

·         A short-term goal

A short-term goal takes between a year and three years to reach and provides for expenses such as an appliance, a mini-holiday, a wedding or December expenses.

·         A medium-term goal

Save for bigger things, such as an overseas holiday, a wedding, a deposit on a house or a car over three to ten years.

·         A long-term goal

Save for more than 10 years for bigger goals, such as your retirement or your children’s tertiary education. Use the Smart About Money Retirement Savings calculator to work out how much you need to save, and consider a retirement annuity if your employer does not have a fund or you need to supplement your savings.

·         If you are in debt

If you have costly short-term debt, start to pay yourself first by paying down your debts and reducing the interest that is compounding against you. Paying more than the minimum repayment and using the avalanche or snowball method will pay off your debt faster. Avoid new debt by providing for financial emergencies.

Start small

Start small if you need to and build your savings habit. Even modest savings compound over time, and the more you avoid debt, the more you will be able to save.  

Remember:

Saving for a goal helps you in two ways:

·         You spend less on your goal than you would if you used credit that costs you interest.

·         Your savings earn interest that reduces the amount you need to save.

Saving in a retirement fund can also save you tax, which can be used to boost your savings.

If you want to know more about these, or any other personal finance topics, please visit Smart About Money. This free-to-use consumer financial education website is an Association of Savings and Investments South Africa (ASISA) initiative. It can guide you to better money management at any stage of life, from starting your first job, through family life, retirement and beyond.

EThekwini Municipality Unveils Plans Ahead of the Hollywoodbets Durban July

 

By Fred Felton | July 2, 2025

The City is getting ready to host Africa’s largest horseracing event, the Hollywoodbets Durban July taking place on 5 July at the Greyville Racecourse.

Mayor Xaba was joined by City officials, representatives from Hollywoodbets and Gold Circle along with models at the media launch for the Hollywoodbets Durban July at Westown Square. Photo: Fred Felton

The City’s tourism and hospitality industry is all set to welcome scores of visitors in Durban for the event, while safety and security have also been finalised.

The theme for the event is ‘Marvels of Mzansi’, this prestigious horseracing event and fashion extravaganza is expected to attract around 50 000 visitors for Durban with a hotel occupancy of 80 percent. This year’s theme encourages the celebration of cultural heritage, diversity, and landscapes.

Mayor Xaba unpacked the City's state of readiness. Photo: Fred Felton

EThekwini Mayor Councillor Cyril Xaba today, 2 July unpacked the City’s state of readiness and unveiled planned events during the Durban July Grand Experience media launch which was held at Westown Square.

‘’Our law enforcement agencies have developed an integrated safety plan, supported by the private security industry. Visitors are guaranteed a safe stay in the City with high police visibility, particularly around the Greyville precinct and other strategic sites across the Municipality,’’ said Mayor Xaba.

According to Mayor Xaba, the economic impact on eThekwini from the Durban July weekend is far reaching. This is due to several events taking place.

‘’The direct spend is estimated at R278 million with a total of R700 million contribution to the eThekwini GDP and a total number of 4 000 jobs to be created,’’ said Mayor Xaba.

Partners for the event, Hollywoodbets and Gold Circle representatives said they are excited for the event, with plans in place to ensure a successful day.

You can expect plenty of fashion at the Hollywoodbets Durban July. Photo: Fred Felton

The Hollywoodbets Durban July also provides a platform for both upcoming and established fashion designers to showcase their creative talent. There will be 25 designers showcasing their ‘Marvels of Mzansi’ collections on the main stage, as part of the Durban July Fashion Experience – a collaboration between eThekwini Municipality and the Hollywood Foundation.

The fashion programme has the following three categories:

The Young Designers Awards which features 10 student finalists competing for top honours. The top three winners will receive bursaries and a fashion travel package.

The Durban Fashion Fair Rising Stars category presents nine emerging designers, supported by eThekwini Municipality’s Fashion Development Programme. Winners will share a R250 000 cheque for business development.

The Invited Designer Showcase includes six established designers, four of whom are graduates of the same Fashion Development Programme and are now successful industry names. Through this event, designers will get exposure to thousands of attendees and potential buyers.

Expect Durban to come alive this weekend. Photo: Supplied

There will also be major events all around Durban and the townships over the weekend. These events include Fact Durban Rocks, Any Given Sunday, Anywhere in the City, and Mojo’s July Weekend.

‘’It is time to celebrate the vibrant spirit of Durban as the City transforms into a hub of glamour, excitement, and world-class entertainment,’’ noted Chairperson of the Economic Development and Planning Committee Councillor Thembo Ntuli.

For more info go to www.visitdurban.travel or follow @DBNTourism on social media.

Furniture manufacturing programme empowering locals

 

Furniture manufacturing programme empowering locals

NONDUDUZO NGCONGO

THE 12-month Furniture Manufacturing Skills Development Programme for approximately 30 trainees is well underway at the Umkhumbane Entrepreneurial Support Centre. The cohort will complete the programme in November this year.

Thirty trainees are participating in the Furniture Manufacturing Skills Development Programme. They remained highly focused as they learnt to hone their craft. Picture: SUPPLIED 

Participants are turning their newly acquired skills into real opportunities with many already making furniture sales while still in training. This hands-on programme, which started in November last year, is a partnership between the eThekwini Municipality, the Fibre Processing and Manufacturing Sector Education and Training Authority, and My Space Academy.

It aims to equip aspiring entrepreneurs with practical, market-ready furniture making skills. Trainees are taught to craft a wide range of furniture products including ottomans, couches, headboards, and chairs. In addition, they also receive training in workplace health and safety, drawing and engineering design, and re-upholstery.

In this class is well-known entertainer and Master of Ceremonies Smanga Mkhwanazi, who said the course came at the perfect time, ‘’I am still in entertainment but also embarking on this furniture making journey. We are learning so much, enough to kick-start our businesses and be independent. I am truly grateful for the opportunity,’’ he shared. He credits the COVID-19 pandemic for being a wakeup call that taught him the importance of having multiple income streams.

Busi Mkhize of My Space Academy, who is leading the programme, praised the group’s commitment. ‘’The trainees are showing a real hunger for learning and determination to be a success. They can now create furniture from scratch, and we’re connecting them with various market access opportunities. Many companies are already showing interest, with some confirming their orders.’’ Mkhize added that with the support of partners like Innovate Durban, trainees are exploring modern production techniques such as 3D printing and laser cutting, positioning them at the forefront of innovative furniture design.

Municipal Programme Manager Nonhlanhla Khumalo noted that the initiative is now in its seventh year, and its impact is unmeasurable in terms of jobs creation. ‘’This is more than skills training, it’s about building futures, fostering independence, and transforming communities through sustainable entrepreneurship.’’

After completion, trainees will be awarded South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) National Qualifications Framework (NQF) Level 2 certificates.